A historical marker in Danvers, Massachusetts commemorates Benedict Arnold's 1775 expedition to Quebec Bayley Seton Hospital in the Clifton section of Staten Island was named in part for Richard Bayley, father of Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton In real life: Arnold left for England in late 1781, before the official surrender, in an unsuccessful bid to persuade the Crown to keep the war going in America. Benedict Arnold High School Gallery Official Name Benedict Arnold High School Location Details Universe Earth-Twelve Country United States of America First Appearance Adventures of Bob Hope #95 ( November, 1965) Contents 1 History 2 Residents 2.1 Students and Alumni 2.2 Faculty 3 Notes 4 See Also History This article is a stub. Besides, I would argue that even if the British d. His first name was actually Enoch. [76] Several members on the panel of judges were ill-disposed toward Arnold over actions and disputes earlier in the war, yet Arnold was cleared of all but two minor charges on January 26, 1780. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Two months later he repelled a British attack on Danbury, Connecticut, and was made a major general, but his seniority was not restored and Arnold felt his honour impugned. [35], During these actions, Arnold made a number of friends and a larger number of enemies within the army power structure and in Congress. The band played a funeral march. Arnold was made a brigadier general in the British army. [105] He also wrote in the letter to Washington requesting safe passage for Peggy: "Love to my country actuates my present conduct, however it may appear inconsistent to the world, who very seldom judge right of any man's actions. Benedict Arnold was a patriot officer who served the cause of the American Revolution until 1779, when he shifted his allegiance to the British. In April of 1775, after learning about the conflicts at Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts, Arnold organized his men in preparation for a march to Cambridge to aid in the fight against the British . However, his betrayal overshadowed his accomplishments in the wars he fought and won. [95] They found the papers exposing the plot to capture West Point and passed them on to their superiors,[96] but Andr convinced the unsuspecting Colonel John Jameson, to whom he was delivered, to send him back to Arnold at West Pointbut he never reached West Point. [55], Andr conferred with Clinton, who gave him broad authority to pursue Arnold's offer. That autumn he was appointed by Gen. George Washington to command an expedition to capture Quebec. Arnold's role in the war was controversial, with some supporting his actions and others supporting the Patriots. His chaplain Rev. John Andr was executed for spying. 8. [54] Such schemes were not uncommon among American officers, but Arnold's schemes were sometimes frustrated by powerful local politicians such as Joseph Reed, who eventually amassed enough evidence to publicly air charges against him. [139] However, not all depictions of Arnold were so negative. He helped organize militia forces on British-held islands, receiving praise from the landowners for his efforts on their behalf. On May 9, Franklin introduced Stansbury to Major Andr, who had just been named the British spy chief. One critic said that he was a "mean mercenary, who, having adopted a cause for the sake of plunder, quits it when convicted of that charge". S T I L L W A T E R, N.Y., June 14, 2001 -- Benedict Arnold, America's most infamous. By Joyce Lee Malcolm. [46] During the fighting in the second battle, Arnold disobeyed Gates' orders and took to the battlefield to lead attacks on the British defenses. [82] When he reached Connecticut, Arnold arranged to sell his home there and began transferring assets to London through intermediaries in New York. Upon the outbreak of hostilities at Lexington, Massachusetts (April 1775), Arnold volunteered for service and participated with Ethan Allen in the successful colonial attack on British-held Fort Ticonderoga, New York, the following month. He would be an apprentice in the mercantile trade for seven years. He led a small contingent of militia attempting to stop or slow the British return to the coast in the Battle of Ridgefield, and was again wounded in his left leg. Soon after Ticonderoga, Arnold brought his men on a dangerous trek through the . A Connecticut militia force arrived at Ticonderoga in June; Arnold had a dispute with its commander over control of the fort, and resigned his Massachusetts commission. After the usual exchange of greetings I ventured to request from him some letters of introduction to his friends in America. Benedict Arnold was born on Jan. 14, 1741 in Norwich, Connecticut. He won a victory at Fort Stanwix (now Rome) in August 1777 and commanded advance battalions at the Battle of Saratoga that autumn, fighting brilliantly until seriously wounded. [16] He was hardworking and successful, and was able to rapidly expand his business. His physicians diagnosed him as having dropsy, and a visit to the countryside only temporarily improved his condition. Arnold didn't die a heroic death, or even a cowardly death. Unable to obtain a regular commission in the British army, he later pursued various business ventures, including land speculation in Canada. Arnold immediately hastened to the shore and ordered bargemen to row him downriver to where HMS Vulture was anchored, fleeing on it to New York City. [37] He also had disagreements with John Brown and James Easton, two lower-level officers with political connections that resulted in ongoing suggestions of improprieties on his part. He hoped that this work would earn him wider respect and a new command; instead, it earned him and his sons a land-grant of 15,000 acres (6,100ha) in Upper Canada,[122] near present-day Renfrew, Ontario. [75], Arnold's court martial on charges of profiteering began meeting on June 1, 1779, but it was delayed until December 1779 by Clinton's capture of Stony Point, New York, throwing the army into a flurry of activity to react. Updates? Four days later, Arnold sent a ciphered letter with similar content into New York through the services of the wife of a prisoner of war. The other leg ached constantly, and he walked only with a cane. He led the British army in battle against the soldiers whom he had once commanded, after which his name became, and has remained, synonymous with treason and betrayal in the United States.[2]. Benedict Arnold was born in 1741 to a prominent Connecticut family. Before it could be carried out, however, minutemen captured John Andr and informed General George Washingtonof the plot. Peggy's Childhood Peggy was the daughter of Edward Shippen and born into a prominent Philadelphia family. Benedict Arnold, (born January 14, 1741, Norwich, Connecticut [U.S.]died June 14, 1801, London, England), patriot officer who served the cause of the American Revolution until 1779, when he shifted his allegiance to the British. [citation needed]. Arnold was born in Norwich, Connecticut, on January 14, 1741. One colonel wrote to Clinton concerning Arnold: "There are many officers who must wish some other general in command. He was convicted of disorderly conduct and fined the relatively small amount of 50 shillings; publicity of the case and widespread sympathy for his views probably contributed to the light sentence. These letters were delivered by Samuel Wallis, another Philadelphia businessman who spied for the British, rather than by Stansbury. [118] The family moved to Saint John in 1787, where Arnold created an uproar with a series of bad business deals and petty lawsuits. Yet as every elementary school student knows, Benedict reneged on his original commitment and defected to England. He started as an apprentice After Benedict Arnold betrayed the Continental Army, his British contact, Major John Andr, was captured by the Americans and hanged as a spy while Arnold escaped on a British ship. During the summer of 1778, he met Peggy Shippen, the 18-year-old daughter of Judge Edward Shippen (III), a Loyalist sympathizer who had done business with the British while they occupied the city;[57] Peggy had been courted by British Major John Andr during the British occupation of Philadelphia. During the Revolutionary War, West Point was known as Fort Arnold, but after Benedict Arnold's betrayal, it became known as Fort Clinton. Benedict Arnold served in the Connecticut militia and participated in the Siege of Boston. [24] Arnold initially took no part in any public demonstrations but, like many merchants, continued to do business openly in defiance of the Parliamentary Acts, which legally amounted to smuggling. With the permission of his master, Armistead enlisted in the Revolutionary War under General Lafayette. [133] George Canning Hill authored a series of moralistic biographies in the mid-19th century and began his 1865 biography of Arnold: "Benedict, the Traitor, was born". [25] On the night of January 28, 1767, he and members of his crew roughed up a man suspected of attempting to inform authorities of Arnold's smuggling. "[108] Cornwallis ignored Arnold's advice to locate a permanent base away from the coast, advice that might have averted his surrender at Yorktown. Thereafter his name became an epithet for traitor in the United States. The first major biography of his life was The Life and Treason of Benedict Arnold, published in 1832 by historian Jared Sparks; it was particularly harsh in showing how Arnold's treacherous character was formed out of childhood experiences. [148] He was buried at St Mary's Church, Battersea, England which has a commemorative stained glass window. [121], In July 1792, Arnold fought a bloodless duel with the Earl of Lauderdale after the Earl impugned his honor in the House of Lords. Though the location was used for training cadets in engineering starting in 1794, it officially became the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1802. He then directed the construction of a fleet to defend Lake Champlain, which was overmatched and defeated in the October 1776 Battle of Valcour Island. Crippled from his wounds, Arnold was placed in command of Philadelphia (June 1778), where he socialized with families of loyalist sympathies and lived extravagantly. . On the morning of September 22, from their position at Teller's Point, two American rebels, John "Jack" Peterson and Moses Sherwood, under the command of Col. James Livingston fired on HMS Vulture, the ship that was intended to carry Andr back to New York. After organizing an assemblage of volunteers, he seized munitions from the New Haven arsenal and led his group northward to fight the British. Scholastica, the founder of the Benedictine sisters, was Benedict's sister. [3] Some among those in his military and political circles charged him with corruption and other bad acts. Through his maternal grandmother, Arnold was a descendant of John Lothropp, an ancestor of six presidents. Arnold's name had become synonymous with the word traitor. The Portrayal of Benedict Arnold in American History", Shy, John. It is impossible to say when 37-year-old Benedict Arnold first met 18-year-old Peggy Shippen, but we do know that on September 25, 1778, he wrote her a love lettermuch of it an exact copy of . Arnold's letters continued to detail Washington's troop movements and provide information about French reinforcements that were being organized. Benedict Arnold's reasons for betraying America were extraordinarily complex. Major Benjamin Tallmadge was a member of the Continental Army's Culper Ring, a network of spies established under Washington's orders,[97] and he insisted that Jameson order the prisoner to be intercepted and brought back. [49][citation not found], Arnold spent several months recovering from his injuries. Peggy came from a loyalist family in Philadelphia; she had many ties to the British. A figure climbed down from the larger sloop, into the boat and quietly made his way up the Hudson River. Arnold died in London at the age of 60. At the age of sixteen, Arnold enlisted in a militia and served in the French and Indian War in upstate New York . [62], Wetherell says that the shortest explanation for his treason is that he "married the wrong person". Through the early morning hours of Sept. 22, 1780 the two plotted. Clinton refused this suggestion; after a military tribunal, Andr was hanged at Tappan, New York, on October 2. After Arnold was forced to drop out of private school for lack of money, he entered into an apprenticeship with Daniel and Joshua Lathrop, two of his mother's cousins. [22], The Sugar Act of 1764 and the Stamp Act of 1765 severely curtailed mercantile trade in the colonies. Together, they won the Battle of Fort Ticonderoga, America's first victory in the Revolutionary War. "Since the fall of Lucifer," General Nathanial Greene judged, "nothing has equaled the fall of Arnold." Yet Arnold's accomplishments for the patriot cause were extraordinary. The arched, double-door main entrance provided a stately, picturesque quality to the home. Interesting Facts About Benedict Arnold. Arnold was born on January 14, 1741, in Norwich, Connecticutthe fifth person in his family to be named Benedict Arnold. When in February 1777 Congress created five new major generalships, Arnold was passed over in favour of his juniors. He led a force of more than 1,700 men which burned most of New London to the ground on September 4, causing damage estimated at $500,000. Arnold had the power to act, to defy the stresses of business and the dangers of the battlefield; but Peggy had the power to endure. On August 13, Schuyler dispatched him with a force of 900 to relieve the siege of Fort Stanwix, where he succeeded in a ruse to lift the siege. [3] Arnold was buried at St. Mary's Church in Battersea, England. He received a colonel's commission in the Continental Army for this expedition and left Cambridge in September 1775 with 1,100 men. [10] His apprenticeship with the Lathrops lasted seven years. [74] Furthermore, revolutionary mobs were scouring Philadelphia for Loyalists, and Arnold and the Shippen family were being threatened. 1.Saint Benedict was a teenager when he became a monk. They bought three trading ships, using the profits from the sale of his homestead, and established a lucrative West Indies trade. Benedict Arnold's name might be the first that comes to mind when we think of treason not just because he was a traitor, but because he was such an unlikely one. Clinton was uninterested in most of his aggressive ideas, but finally authorized him to raid the port of New London, Connecticut. [13] A commonly accepted story that he deserted from militia service in 1758[14] is based on uncertain documentary evidence.[15]. Arnold repeatedly claimed that he was being passed over for promotion by the Continental Congress, and that other officers were being given credit for some of his accomplishments. On August 25, Peggy finally delivered to him Clinton's agreement to the terms. [98], Arnold learned of Andr's capture the morning of September 24 while waiting for Washington, with whom he was going to have breakfast at his headquarters in British Col. Beverley Robinson's former summer house on the east bank of the Hudson. Excited by the prospects, Clinton informed his superiors of his intelligence coup, but failed to respond to Arnold's July 7 letter. [103] Legend has it that, when he was on his deathbed, he said, "Let me die in this old uniform in which I fought my battles. "No one has betrayed those in uniform like Donald Trump ," said the voiceover in the latest ad . [94], Andr was captured near Tarrytown, New York, on Saturday, September 23, by three Westchester militiamen. She was the conduit for information to the British. The Portrayal of Benedict Arnold in American History", Military career of Benedict Arnold, 17751776, Military career of Benedict Arnold, 17771779, A Proclamation to the Officers and Soldiers of the Continental Army, "The Crypt Center Church on the Green New Haven, CT", 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0200008, "Independence National Historical Park: History of the President's House", "The Culper Spy Ring American Revolution", "Loyal American Regiment Historical Treks", "Native Norwich Is Ignoring Benedict Arnold", "Benedict Arnold: The Aftermath Of Treason", Saratoga National Historical Park Tour Stop 7, "In Commemoration of Arnold's Expedition to Quebec", "Letter: Some recognize Gen. Arnold as true hero of the Revolutionary War", "By Brigadier-General Arnold, A proclamation to the officers and soldiers of the Continental army who have the real interest of their country at heart, and who are determined to be no longer the tools and dupes of Congress, or France [Signed]", "Netflix's America: The Motion Picture fails at just about everything", "Netflix's 'America: The Motion Picture' knows who its audience is. [110], Even before Cornwallis's surrender in October, Arnold had requested permission from Clinton to go to England to give Lord George Germain his thoughts on the war in person. Arnold and Wemyss faced similar situations but created different legaciesWemyss "served with distinction during the war" but became a footnote in history; Arnold lost the respect of people on all sides of the Revolution and his name became synonymously linked to treason. Only a few weeks after learning of Arnold's treason, General George Washington enlisted a Continental Army sergeant major named John Champe in a daring mission to capture him from behind. [88], On August 30, Arnold sent a letter accepting Clinton's terms and proposing a meeting to Andr through yet another intermediary: William Heron, a member of the Connecticut Assembly whom he thought he could trust. Arnold purchased large tracts of land in the Maugerville area, and acquired city lots in Saint John and Fredericton. "[88] At the same time, he tried to drain West Point's supplies so that a siege would be more likely to succeed. Benedict died of natural causes, maybe a fever. He knew that he was distrusted and disliked by senior military officers on both sides. His father was arrested on several occasions for public drunkenness, was refused communion by his church, and died in 1761. Benedict Arnold, despite his bravery on the battlefield, eventually switched sides and became the most infamous traitor in American history. [41], Arnold was on his way to Philadelphia to discuss his future when he was alerted that a British force was marching toward a supply depot in Danbury, Connecticut. [23] The Stamp Act prompted Arnold to join the chorus of voices in opposition, and also led to his joining the Sons of Liberty, a secret organization which advocated resistance to those and other restrictive Parliamentary measures. Arnold eventually moved to England where he became a merchant. [63][64], Arnold had an extremely ambitious and jealous personality. He then went to Cambridge, Massachusetts, and suggested to George Washington a second expedition to attack Quebec City via a wilderness route through Maine. Historians have identified many possible factors contributing to Arnold's treason, while some debate their relative importance. [60] Some of this communication was effected through the services of Joseph Stansbury, a Philadelphia merchant.[61]. On December 8, 1781, Arnold and his family left New York for England. Harper's Weekly published an article in 1861 describing Confederate leaders as "a few men directing this colossal treason, by whose side Benedict Arnold shines white as a saint". January 14, 1741, in Norwich Connecticut. [73] By October 1779, the negotiations had ground to a halt. Arnold and his men went towards Boston. Arnold had three sons with Margaret Mansfield:[150][151]. He was again severely wounded in the left leg late in the fighting. The crowd of hundreds of people was quiet. The prisoner was dressed in miltary uniform. He and his men were joined by Richard Montgomery's small army and participated in the December 31 assault on Quebec City in which Montgomery was killed and Arnold's leg was shattered. [113] Other attempts all failed to gain positions within the government or the British East India Company over the next few years, and he was forced to subsist on the reduced pay of non-wartime service. 1:38. Despite his popularity and battlefield prowess, Benedict Arnold eventually broke bad. At a prearranged rendezvous point on the shoreline his contact arrived just after midnight. The combined assault (December 31, 1775) failed, Montgomery was killed, and Arnold was severely wounded. After Arnold was wounded in 1777, George Washington named him military governor of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, recently abandoned by the British. [27] Margaret died on June 19, 1775, while Arnold was at Fort Ticonderoga following its capture. Working as a spy, Armistead gained the trust of General Cornwallis and Benedict Arnold,. He organized the militia response, along with David Wooster and Connecticut militia General Gold Selleck Silliman. His father was a successful businessman and young Arnold was educated in private schools. See the fact file below for more information on . As a teenager, Arnold's family faced financial hardship. While Benedict Arnold escaped to British-occupied New York, where he was protected from punishment. A colonial resident by birth, Arnold made his living as a merchant before joining the American military to defend against the British. [107], The pursuing American army included the Marquis de Lafayette, who was under orders from Washington to hang Arnold summarily if he was captured. [132], Early biographers attempted to describe Arnold's entire life in terms of treacherous or morally questionable behavior. Word of the siege's disastrous outcome led the company to turn around, and Arnold served for only 13 days. 4. Benedict Arnold began the Revolutionary War as a militia captain. [99][100] Upon receiving Jameson's message, however, he learned that Jameson had sent Washington the papers which Andr was carrying. [30] The household was dominated by Arnold's sister Hannah, even while Margaret was alive. [149] The faculty club at the University of New Brunswick, Fredericton has a Benedict Arnold Room in which letters written by Arnold hang on the walls. Arnold lost most of his siblings to yellow fever, calamitous events that triggered alcoholism in his father. While this is the case, no power in this country could suddenly place you in the situation you aim at under the East India Company. [55], Arnold lived extravagantly in Philadelphia and was a prominent figure on the social scene. His health simply declined, partly as a result of his war wounds, partly as a result of what used to be called dropsy edema, the dramatic retention of fluid in limbs. [86], Arnold's command at West Point also gave him authority over the entire American-controlled Hudson River, from Albany down to the British lines outside New York City. Brown was particularly vicious, publishing a handbill which claimed of Arnold, "Money is this man's God, and to get enough of it he would sacrifice his country". In 1787, he moved to Canada to run a merchant business with his sons Richard and Henry. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. [117] After her first voyage, Arnold returned to London in 1786 to bring his family to Saint John. Arnold's early life consisted of study at some of the Continent's best private schools. However, Arnold was a prominent figure in the American Revolution and, for a time, was a distinguished war hero who simply became . In 1764, he formed a partnership with Adam Babcock, another young New Haven merchant. [6] With the outbreak of the French Revolution, Arnold outfitted a privateer, while continuing to do business in the West Indies, even though the hostilities increased the risk. For his services he was restored to his proper relative rank. Wikipedia Sign up to our newsletter. [123], In January 1801, Arnold's health began to decline. Apparently, Arnold also had self-confidence issues and his new wife Peggy wasn't helping the situation. Benedict Arnold was born on January 14, 1741, in Norwich, Connecticut. Lee Moran. Some historians suggested an Arnold liaison in New Brunswick, but Canadian historian Barry Wilson noted the weakness of this traditional account. Among others, he shared the name with his father and. Before his betrayal Benedict Arnold was a legitimate hero and a competent officer. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [29] She is buried in the crypt of the Center Church on New Haven Green. [104] He justified his actions in an open letter titled "To the Inhabitants of America", published in newspapers in October 1780. On June 16, Arnold inspected West Point while on his way home to Connecticut to take care of personal business, and he sent a highly detailed report through the secret channel. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. [1] Because of the constant agony of two battlefield wounds in an already gout-ridden leg? They had no reason to suspect that Gen. Benedict Arnold, the new commander of the post, would be less than a gracious host. He sent an Indian messenger into the camp of British Brigadier General Barry St. Leger with news that the approaching force was much larger and closer than it actually was; this convinced St. Leger's Indian allies to abandon him, forcing him to give up the effort. 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